Apparatus for adjusting capacitor potential devices



APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING CAPACITOR POTENTIAL DEVICES Filed Feb. 6, 1946 F. R. SCHLEIF Sept. 6, 1949.

2 Sheets$heet 1 INVENTOR FERBER /P.' SCHLE/F ATTORNEY Sept. 1949. F. R. SCHLEIF 2,480,881

APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING CAPACITOR POTENTIAL DEVICES Filed Feb. 6, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 3 S f .10.

,i .ll. I B 9 2 2. 5:

i [a5 [c5 m lNVENTOR FERBER A. SCHLE/F ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 6, 1949 OFFICE APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING CAPACITOR POTENTIAL DEVICES v Ferber R. Schleif, Coulee Dam, Wash. Application February 6, 1946, Serial No. 645,975

\ '1 Claim.

(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as amended April 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon in accordance with the provisions of the Act of April 30, 1928 (Ch. 460,45 Stat. L. 467).

This invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting capacitor potential devices, and particularly to an apparatus for adjusting said devices under full load and without interrupting delivery of power.

Capacitor potential devices provide an inexpensive means of obtaining metering and synchronizing voltages and simultaneously the coupling of carrier frequencies to high-voltage power transmission lines. The metering voltages available fromcapacitor potential devices are adjustable over a wide range of ratio and phase angles and careful adjustment of the capacitor device is necessary.

For known burdens on thecapacitor devices very approximate adjustments can be made from factory calibration data, but if any reliance is to be placed on the metering, laborious checks and adjustments must be made which usually necessitate unloading the main power transformer bank in order to eliminate the effect of the transformer reactance drop. Tests are usually made by means of a volt meter and watt meter or phase angle meter, but'the capacitor device voltage changes with removal of the test instruments and some error is consequently always present.

This invention has for an object the provision of a fast; convenient and highly accurate means of adjusting capacitor potential devices without interrupting the delivery of power.

A further object ofthe invention is to provide an automatic check on the wave form of the capacitor device voltages.

A still further object is tofacilitate correction or elimination of the sources of distortion or harmonics. Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the description hereinafter given.

- This invention can be used wherever capacitor potential devices are used near transformers or where a low voltage'is obtainable through transformers. The convenient and vaccurate adjustment of capacitor potential devices which this invention affords may permit capacitor devices to be used in many applications where, at. the present time, more expensive potential transformers are being employed. This invention is intended for use in connection with thestandard potential and current transformers ordinarily comprising a part of the permanent installation in power plants. These transformers are designed to deliver voltages of a fixed value which may or may not be equal to the voltages to be derived from the capacitor devices.

The invention comprises three principal phases-(1) the setting up of a reference voltage of the correct magnitude and-phase angle from low-side metering voltage by means of a transformer reactance or impedance drop compensator; (2) balancing this artificially produced reference voltage against the output voltage of the capacitor potential device to be adjusted so that only the diiference voltage is measured; and (3) applying the difference voltage and the reference voltage to a suitable indicating means. It has been found practical to apply the voltages to separate sweeps of a conventional cathode-ray oscilloscope so that ratio error and phase angle error are readily distinguishable and correct adjustment is more quickly reached. 7

In describing my invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the preferred form of the invention found satisfactory in actual practice.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic wiring diagram of a capacitor potential device adjusting instrument.

Figure 2 is a schematic wiring diagram of a typical capacitor potential device.

Figures 3 to 5, inclusive, are vector diagrams of the voltages and currents in the windings of the delta-Y transformer.

Figures 6 to 12, inclusive, are tracings of oscilloscope figures showing the patterns obtained during adjustment of a set of capacitor potential devices by the apparatus herein described.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts, I represents a generator feeding through conductors A, B and C-to the primary 2 of delta-Y transformer 3. The output of the secondary 4 of'the transformer is delivered to power lines A B and C Connected to the power lines A B and C are capacitor potential devices 5, Band 1. One of the output terminals of each of the capacitor potential devices is connected to corresponding terminals of a tandem switch 8. The capacitor potential devices are illustrated in Figure 1 more or less diagrammatically and may be in any ofthe conventional forms that such devices, are now available. A typical capacitor potential device is shown schematically in Figure 2. V j

Referring for the moment to Figure 2, C reprephase position, to the voltage from the capacitor U potential device to be adjusted isobtained from" This;

the low side of the delta-Y transformer. artificially produced voltage is balanced against the output voltage from the potential device'so that the difference voltagealone is measured. 1

Connected to and deriving power from the low side of the line is? potential transformer M Pee s FTTL The low de f his t ansf rm r i qe eqtedthrereh tan em sw ehli i the h h 91!? P a r sets e tset el tra s ormer T 'Fi et e 9H 'i ,trn ,9? e.m?e conv ni be 1 to'l. The output f transiormer PI-2 is voltag'side of the power trans ormer divided bi e llii t tie iren mr ra o T- ratio frPT' 2ratio)' which is equal to the rated highrside vq ie ii? ii 1. t e i o m iv biit e'd capafl i? l e xce d a f o at d trees hi-s de Mel s? n ei Pet d vise eflex trans a ed, lo sid volts Th it a 1 r q r settles the eatereewarof the -i istrurnezit fbrfthe desired ratio of the capacitor-"potential device thelpower transfemi ae ree ch it ra ia ed. P t t e ia er iei B t-" iieme e ed o t purpose of avoiding the complication of a protec: t e r cted on th r ieetia Suppl In order that th' acitgr potential devices m Me ic-site" e t h th del ve oi pw hre t e; ewe' tram e xmr a k around which the adjustments are made there is v provided a transiormer reactan ce compensw tron; reach an lied to the power lines -ih e t eories w re x the pa it r ete iie de c d m th t wn i0 a 1 i F g, H0; tha $h0 me sl rre mme tw eter t ehce v a t be "de ive-d ir mret e iem te m e ra 'ed e hii e-cl i rli e er is"added. to 'itvcto'ri 'allv m calgi s of resistor v e i ri d rom swimmer T Transf'ormer CT.Z derives its primary voltage froinan appropriately selected current transformer of the. group designated CT- -,-I;. These may be, the m'eteriingu' nt transformersusw ally available, thefcircuit to either the. low or high side; of'fth e' power transformer bank. The appropriateltransfoi mer tor, the particular a a tor poten a d v e bei a usted .0 ncted hfbrah' e e. i e ill '40. e o d was. re ame f l he e of potential transformer PT' 2,icu rrent transgcrme Q smslvxeih e it-21 9 entialhdevice ratio.

. 4 PT1 ratioXPT-2 ratio '4 tion of the protective ground on the transformer circuits of current transformers CT--I.

The value R3 of resistor I8 which will vary with the constants for each device being adjusted may be computed from the following formula:

R3: Trans. imp.- (rated trans. hi-side volts to neut. X GT1 ratioX GT2 ratio Reqd. pot. device ratioXrated trans. line current Rated transformer'l-ine current in this formula may be that of either the low side or th s high side of thepower transformer bank, whichever news through the metering current transformers G'IiTl being used,

In order to compensate for reactance drop by this circuit, the current from the phase opposite to the phase from which the voltage is obtained must be used. This is shown in vector diagrams, Figures 3 to 5, inclusive. Fig. 3 shows vectorilly th y lteees and Glitlf infisv n fihfi r sp ii w nd n s o the low sid at the .flelta-Y t a iermer while h s. *2 s ows theyo egesin the w ndin s Q thehieh, side 4 9 e t a sie m-e as. Fi shows th o taee iatm vtimi 4 ed. in phescdueta lo d on thapowe ine-v he .recter. .ATA." repres nts th va ue ,Of he c rr n he eeeedihmr hlreei ior' 9- The eier nee vo ta .endihed ff rene l r tirees t era ereeee v ta and h r l? age from the capacitor potential device being a iue e are a ied; in. ee-mi e r ets of a con ntiona cathe e-rieycsei qs e e.l 9. 1 .1 ret' oer o f and their, ang error, re ,r adily' vJami a ret. ad ustment. or

on h es .Q$ QP- -.e. raii ierro p oduc s a i g nal im :pna e an le err jp d eslen llir ti trace ratio an ghaseanele $31179 em: bined produce a diagonal ellipse or loop, Cor: ec a iustmeqt ea hed. ,wh njla v rtic straight nngg is obtained. Harmonics produced in the capacitor de ti in its c nected burden a pear. esid st r s ire i n in:

4.5 stantan ous q fi ren e time; the e erence an fthetolt e time: adiust ei is os i osc pe rai r m n r's 1 n iat and, i a ;v how-n {is ra e I n .the ei les r p f r e itm the oapacitorllfi iifif t r esl rep t V rs bo h ra s 9 vT T- 5 when the r tio 92am assa- Th mel oops. the

m es.- "Est me er the bestiadi s aditiqm obtainahle i1! iet fid fi id l ed, @IjfiQ-the preseht inven ion.

The balancing; 9 the. art fisia. produ ed reference voltage agf fli tfth utplllii voltageot the steam r recent aeeeatetsadr ad a balan roc ss 'f a hori gdditiona bur e i laced -0 t ca aditorlde qe The capa i sotenti' m s e nthuebeeeiustec un r 1. to. a d he adiustm n re.- ma ns orr ct a iths ed ist r Qi-mr tisqisc nta ted ltvwill be; ohvioue;that,,ehae es;.mar made 6 iihe app iea ipa at the underizmzn ee mes of my invention and that my invention is not limited to the circuit shown, but that other means .of obtaining a compensated reference voltage and balancing the same against the output of the device to be adjusted may be employed.

Having described the invention, what is claimed 1s:

A circuit for use in adjusting a capacitor potential device deriving a voltage from the high side of a power line transformer bank in a conventional polyphase power line while said power line is under load, comprising a means including a potential transformer connected to the low side of said power line transformer bank for deriving a potential therefrom equal in magnitude to the voltage to be derived from said capacitor potential device to be adjusted, a compensating means, including a current transformer connected to said low side of said power line transformer bank, connected in series with said potential deriving means for adjusting the phase of said potential to compensate for variations in phase due to variations in load on the high side of said transformer bank, a cathode ray oscilloscope having a pair of horizontal and a pair of vertical deflection plates, circuit means for connecting said phase adjusted potential across one pair of said deflection plates and circuit means for connecting said phase adjusted potential and the voltage from said capacitor potential device in opposition to each other and across the other pair of deflection plates of said oscilloscope.

FERBER R. SCHLEIF.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Powell, The Electrical Review, Oct. 6, 1933, page 448.

Journal of Scientific Instruments, March 1945, pages -56. 

